500 Spanish Irregular Verbs
- The verbs have been grouped together by the irregularity of the conjugation.
- Not every verb in the dictionary was listed. For catergories with lots of verbs (like [13] I skipped over a few.)
- Look for similarity between verbs that may share common latin roots.
- This list provides you with an opportunity to learn lots of cognitives.
- The number system used below ([1] to [81]) was derived from the Larousse Spanish English Dictionary.
[6] If the last syllable is a vowel, the 'u' gets an accent
- infatuar- to make conceited
- acentuar- to stress, to accent
- actuar- to act
- atenuar- to diminish, to ease
- conceptuar- to consider, to judge
- continuar- to continue
- extenuar- to exhaust, to drain
- insinuar- to insinuate
- perpetuar- to perpetuate
[7] I'm not certain why this was listed as irregular
- adecuar- to adapt
- evacuar- to evacuate
[8] I'm not certain why this was listed as irregular
- diferenciar- to distinguish
- paliar- to ease, relieve, justify
- abreviar- to shorten, to cut short, to hurry up
- acopiar- to gather, to buy up
- acuciar - to goad
- agenciar (algo a alguien)- to fix (somebody up with something)
- agraciar- to make more attractive
- cambiar- to change
- desprestigiar- to discredit
- asalariar- to take on
- comerciar- to trade
- agraviar- to offend
- anunciar- to announce, to herald
- columpiar- to swing
- despreciar- to scorn, to spurn
- apremiar- to urge
- apropiar a- to adapt to
- compendiar- to summarize
- arreciar- to get worse
- asociar- to associate
- concienciarse- to become aware
- contagiar- to infect, to transmit
- desperdiciar- to wate, to squander
- disociar (de)- to dissociate (from)
- distanciar- to drive apart
- escanciar- to serve, to pour out
- estudiar- to study
- evidenciar- to demonstrate
- intercambiar- to exchange
- limpiar- to clean, to wipe
- menospreciar- to scorn, to despise, to undervalue
[9] If the last syllable is a vowel, the 'i' gets an accent
- fotografiar- to take a photograph of
- agriar- to turn sour {an alcohol oxidized to a carboxylic acid}
- aliar- to ally, to combine
- amnistiar- to grand amnesty to
- ampliar- to expand, to extend, to add an extension to
- aviar- to pack (suitcase, briefcase, etc.)
- biografiar- to write biography
- confiar- to confide
- criar- to breed
- descarriarse- to stray
- desvariar- to be delirious, to talk nonsense
- enviar- to send
- espiar- to spy on
- esquiar- to ski
- liar- to tie up, to wrap, to roll
- piar- to cheep, to peep
- radiar- to radiate, to irradiate
- radiografiar- to X-ray
[10] If the conjugation adds an 'e' to the stem, then the 'c' is replaced by 'qu'
- platicar- to chat
- mascar- to chew
- amplificar- to amplify
- disecar- to dissect
- electrificar- to electrify
- clarificar- to clarify
- abroncar- to tell off
- apalancar- to open with lever
- calcificarse- to calcify
- aparcar- to park, to shelf
- amoscarse- to get in a huff
- suplicar- to plead
- justificar- to justify
- plastificar- to plasticize
- abanicarse- to fan oneself
- achacar- to attribute
- blocar- to block
- complicar- to complicate
- achicar- to make smaller, to bail out, to drain
- cualificar- to qualify
- adjudicar- to award
- certificar- to confirm
- ahorcarse- to hang oneself (judas)
- ahuecar- to cub, to hollow out
- conculcar- to infringe, to break
- contraatacar (yes there are two a's together)- to counterattack
- derrocar- to bring down, to overthrow
- desatascar- to unblock
- desatrancar- to unbolt, to unblock
- edificar- to build
- engrescar- to incite, to "egg on"
- fabricar- to manufacture, to build, to make
- enroscar- to screw in
- entresacar- to pick out
- explicar- to explain
- falsificar- to forge
- intensificar- to intensify
- lacar- to lacquer
- marcar- to mark
- mascar- to chew
- picar- to bite
- placar- to tackle
- plastificar- to plasticize
- provocar- to incite
- refrescar- to refresh, to chill
- sacar- to take out
- tocar- to touch, to play (instrument)
- unificar- to unite
[11] if the conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o' to the stem, then the 'c' is changed to 'z'
- mecer- to rock
- mecerse- to rock back and forth
- coercer- to restrict, to constrain
- ejercer- to practice, to exercise
- vencer- to beat, to defeat
[12] if the conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o' to the stem, then the 'c' is changed to 'z'
- zurcir- to darn (to sew up a sock hole is an example of darning)
[13] if the conjugation adds an 'e' to the stem, then the 'z' is changed to 'c'
- enderezar- to straighten, put upright
- lanzar- to throw, hurl, launch, heave
- matizar- to distinguish, to explain in detail
- mediatizar- to determine
- aterrorizar- to terrorize
- exorcizar- to exorcize
- cauterizar- to cauterize (heat a wound to make it heal)
- castellanizar- to hispanisize
- desautorizar- to deny, ban, discredit
- abalanzarse sobre- to fall upon; abalanzarse hacia- to rush towards (predator verbs)
- abrazar- to embrace
- acorazar- to armor plate, to armour (the merrimac and the monitor)
- amordazar- to gag, muzzle
- banalizar- to trivialize
- adelgazar- to lose weight
- aterrizar- to land
- aderezar- to dress, season {you're adding spices to meat}
- agudizar- to sharpen, to make worse
- barnizar- to varnish, to glaze
- aguzar- to sharpen, to whet (an appetite)
- afianzar- to reinforce, to secure
- analizar- to analyze
- agilizar- to speed up
- agonizar- to be dying, to fizzle out, to suffer in agony
- cicatrizar- to scar over, to heal
- alborozar- to delight
- alcanzar- to reach
- civilizar- to civilize
- alcoholizar- to turn into an alcoholic
- alzar- to lift, raise, hoist
- cazar- to hunt
- americanizarse- to become americanized
- amerizar- to land at sea (the end of the line for an Apollo space trip)
- contabilizar- to enter
- cotizar- to quote, to price
- desembozar- to unmask, to uncover
- desenzarzar- to untangle
- desesperanzar- to cause to loose hope
- despedazar- to tear apart, to shatter
- desperezarse- to stretch
- destrozar- to smash, to shatter, to ruin
- disfrazar- to disguise
- enfatizar- to emphasize, to stress
- entrecruzar- to interweave, to interlock
- entrelazar- to interlace
- enzarzar- to entangle, to embroil
- especializar- to specialize
- esperanzar- to give hope to
- estimatizar- to scar, to stigmatize
- finalizar- to finish
- generalizar- to spread, to generalize
- gozar- to enjoy
- hechizar- to cast a spell on
- idealizar- to idealize
- lanzar- to throw, to fling, to sling, to launch (multipurpose war verb)
- liofilizar- to free-dry
- magnetizar- to magnetize
- memorizar- to memorize
- psicoanalizar- to psychoanalyze
- punzar- to prick, to stab
- relativizar- to put into perspective
- rozar- to rub, to brush, to graze
- utilizar- to use
[14] if the conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o' to the stem, then the 'g' is changed to 'j'
- escoger- to choose
- acoger- to welcome, take in, receive
- coger- to take
- emerger- to emerge
- encoger- to shrink
- recoger- to pick up
- sobrecoger- to frighten, to startle
[15] if the conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o' to the stem, then the 'g' is changed to 'j'
- sumergir- to submerge, plunge, dip
- afligir- to afflict, to distress
- divergir- to diverge
- erigir- to erect, to build
- exigir- to demand, to call for
- infligir- to inflict, to impose
- refulgir- to shine brightly
- restringir- to limit, to restrict
- rugir- to growl
- surgir- to spring forth, to appear
[16] if the conjugation adds an 'e' to the stem, then the 'g' is replaced by 'gu'
- castigar- to punish
- abogar- to plead
- abotargarse- to swell up
- abrigar- to wrap up, to keep warm
- abrogar- to repeal
- agregar- to add
- bogar- to row
- arrepanchingarse- to stretch out, to sprawl
- alargar- to lengthen
- aletargar- to make drowsy, to send to sleep
- amagar- to show signs of
- apagar- to put out, to put off, to extinguish
- apechugar- to put up with, to live with
- chocar- to crash
- apegarse- to become fond of
- arraigar- to establish, to take root
- catalogar- to catalog
- arriesgar- to risk, venture, suggest
- congregar- to congregate
- derogar- to repeal, to rescind
- desahogar- to vent, to relieve, to ease
- desarraigar- to banish
- desarrugar- to smooth out, to iron
- descabalgar- to dismount
- descargar- to unload, fire (pistol)
- desligar- to untie, to separate
- despechugarse- to bare one's breast
- divagar- to digress
- embriagar- to intoxicate
- excolmugar- to excommunicate
- fatigar- to tire, to weary
- halagar- to flatter
- instigar- to instigate
- juzgar- to judge
- largar- to pay out, to give
- litigar- to go to law
- llegar- to arrive
- madrugar- to get up early
- prodigar- to lavish
- sobrecargar- to overload
- tragar- to swallow
[17] the 'u' disappears if the verb conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o'
- distinguir- to distinguish
- extinguir- to put out, to extinguish
[18] the 'u' disappears if the verb conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o'
- delinquir- to commit a crime
[19] the 'e' goes to 'ie' if the 'e' is in an accented syllable
- calentar- to heat up, to warm up, to turn on sexually
- acertar- to choose well
- acrecentar- to increase
- confesar- to confess
- alentar- to encourage
- apretar- to press, squeeze, tighten
- arrendar- to lend, to lease
- aventar- to fan
- cimentar- to solidify
- concertar- to agree on, to reach
- desalentar- to dishearten, to discourage
- deshelar- to thaw, to melt, to de-ice
- despertar- to wake, to arouse
- desterrar- to banish, to exile
- encerrar- to shut up, to shut in
- escarmentar- to learn one's lesson (I'm gonna teach you a lesson...)
- invernar- to winter, to hibernate
- mentar- to mention
- pensar- to think
- quebrar- to break
- sentar- to sit, to seat
[20] the 'e' changes to 'ie' if it is in an accented syllable
- atender- to attend to
- cernir- to sift, to sieve
- condescender a- to consent to
- contender- to contend, to fight
- defender- to defend, to stand up for
- desatender- to neglect, to ignore
- descender- to go down
- distender- to ease, to slacken
- encender- to light, to arouse, to inflame
- extender- to stretch out, to
- perder- to lose
[21]
- discernir- to distinguish, to discern
- concernir- to concern
[22]
- adquirir- to acquire, to purchase
- proferir- to utter, to hurl (insults)
[23] the 'o' changes to 'ue' if the 'o' occurs in a stressed syllable
- discordar- to clash (conflict of colors)
- acordar (hacer algo)- to agree (to do something)
- acostarse- to go to bed [tener relaciones sexuales]
- aprobar- to approve
- colar- to strain, to filter
- concordar- to agree, to reconcile
- comprobar- to check, to prove
- contar- to count, to tell
- costar- to cost
- denostar- to insult
- desaprobar- to disapprove of, to reject
- descontar- to deduct
- discordar- to clash
- encontrar- to find, to encounter
- engrosar- to swell
- mostrar- to show
- poblar- to settle, to colonize
- recordar- to remember
- reencontrar- to find again
- tronar- to thundar
[24] 'o' changes to 'ue' if the 'o' occurs in the accented syllable
- absolver- to acquit
- condolerse- to feel pity
- conmover- to move, to touch
- devolver algo- to give something back
- disolver- to dissolve, to break up
- doler- to hurt
- envolver- to wrap up, to wind
- llover- to rain
- morder- to bite, to eat into
- promover- to set up, to stir up
- revolver- to turn around
[25] o -> ue or sometimes o -> u
- dormir- to put to bed
- dormirse- to go to bed
- morir- to die
[26] e -> i in some instances: no pattern listed
- henchir- to fill, to fill up
- ceñir- to be tight on, to embrace
- comedirse- to be restrianed
- concebir- to imagine, to plan
- derretir- to melt, to thaw
- desmedirse- to go to far, to go over the top
- despedir- to say goodby to
- expedir- to send, to dispatch, to issue
- henchir- to fill / to fillup
- impedir- to prevent
- pedir- to ask for, to order
- preconcebir- to preconceive
[27] 'e' could go to 'ie' or 'i'
- injerir- to introduce, to insert
- advertir- to notice, to warn
- consentir- to allow, to permit
- desmentir- to deny
- diferir- to postpone, to put off
- digerir- to digest, to assimilate
- disentir- to disagree
- divertir- to entertain, to amuse
- hervir- to boil
- ingerir- to consume, to ingest
- interferir- to jam, to interfer
- invertir- to reverse, to invert
- malherir- to injure seriously
- mentir- to lie
- preferir- to prefer
- referir- to tell, recount
[28] the reír verbs
- freír- to fry
- reír- to laugh
- sonreír- to laugh
[29] c -> zc if an 'a' or an 'o' is added to the stem by the conjugation
- complacer- to please
- nacer- to be born
- pacer- to graze
[30] the 'c' changes to 'zc' if the conjugation gives the stem an 'a' or an 'o'
- aborrecer- to abhor, to loathe
- adolecer de- to suffer from
- adormecerse- to nod off to sleep {student in library who didn't sleep night before}
- agradecer- to thank
- amanecer- to dawn
- compareceer- to appear
- aparecer- to appear, show up
- crecer- to grow
- decrecer- to decrease, to decline
- desaparecer- to disappear
- desfallecer- to be exhausted
- desmerecer- to be unworthy, to lose value
- desvanecer- to dissipate, to dispel
- embravecer- to enrage
- enaltecer- to praise
- encallecer- to become calloused, to become hard
- encanecer- to go grey
- endurecer- to harden, to strengthen
- engrandecer- to exalt, to increase, to enlarge
- enloquecer- to drive mad
- enmudecer- to silence
- enrarecer- to pollute
- enriquecer- to bring wealth to
- enrojecer- to redden
- fallecer- to die, to pass away
- entorpecer- to hinder (movement)
- entristecer- to make sad
- envilecer- to debase
- fortalecer- to strengthen,
- escarnecer- to mock, to ridicule
- esclarecer- to clear up, to shed some light on
- estremecer- to shake
- fenecer- to pass away, to die
- florecer- to flower, to flourish
- guarecer- to protect
- humedecir- to moisten
- oscurecer- to darken, to overshadow
- palidecer- to turn pale
- prevalecer- to prevail
[31]
- conocer- to know
[32]
- lucir- to shine
[33] c -> zc if the conjugation adds an 'a' or an 'o' to the stem; some c -> j changes in the subjunctive
- aducir- to adduce, to bring forward in argument, to cite as pertinent or conclusive
- deducir- to deduce
- inducir- to induce
- introducir- to introduce
- producir- to produce
- reducir- to reduce
- traducir- to translate
[34]
- comenzar- to start, to begin
- empezar- to begin, to start
[35] two changes: it will be better just to show the complete conjugations
- plegar- to fold
- abnegarse- to deny oneself
- desplegar- to unfold, to spread open
- estregar- to rub
- fregar- to wash, to scrub
- negar- to deny
- regar- to water
[36] trocar- was not listed in the dictionary
[37]
- almorzar- to have for lunch
- reforzar- to reinforce
[38]
- avergonzar- to shame, embarras
[39] two changes, one involving changing u to ue and the other adding a u to the ending
- colgar- to hang
- descolgar- to take down, to take off the hook
- holgar- to be unnecessary
- rogar- to beg, to ask
[40]
- jugar- to play
[41]
- escocer- to sting
- torcer- to twist, to bend
[42]
- colegir de- to infer from
- elegir- to choose
[43] seguir verbs
- conseguir- to obtain, to get
- proseguir- to continue
- seguir- to follow
[44]
- argüir- to argue,to prove, to demonstrate
[45] the 'u' changes to 'ü' if the conjugation gives the stem an 'a', an 'e', or an 'o'
- aguar- to water down
- amortiguar- to muffle, soften, cushion
- apaciguar- to calm down, to soothe (got to love that valium)
- atestiguar- to testify to
- averiguar- to find out
- fraguar- to forge
- menguar- to decrease, to diminish
[46]
- agorar- was not listed in the dictionary
[47]
- errar- to choose wrong
[48]
- desosar- was not listed in the dictionary
[49]
- oler- to smell
[50]
- poseer- to own, to possess
- proveer- to supply, to provide
[51] 'ui' can change to 'uy' (no pattern established here)
- construir- to build, manufacture
- afluir a- to flow to, to flock to
- confluir- to converge, to meet
- contribuir- to contribute
- derruir- to demolish, to knock down
- destituir- to dismiss
- destruir- to destroy, to wreck, to demolish
- diluir- to dilute
- disminuir- to reduce, to decrease
- distribuir- to distribute
- fluir- to flow
- incluir- to include
- influir- to influence
- recluir- to lock away, to shut away
- reconstruir- to rebuild, to reconstruct
- rehuir- to avoid
[52]
- andar- to walk
- desandar- to go back over, to retrace the trail
[53]
- asir- to grasp, to take hold of
[54]
- caber- to fit
[55]
- caer- to fall
- recaer- to relapse
[56]
- dar- to give
[57]
- decir- to say[58]
- erguir- to erect, to raise up
[59]
- estar- to be (your location, how you feel that day, how you are that day, etc.)
[60]
- deshacer- to undo, to unpack, to destroy
- hacer- to do, to make
- rehacer- to do again, to rebuild
- satisfacer- to satisfy, to quench
[61]
- ir- to go
[62]
- oír- to hear
[63]
- placer- verb not listed; the noun means the pleasure
[64]
- poder- to be able to
[65] poner verbs
- disponer- to arrange
- superponer- to superimpose
- componer- to compose
- contraponer- to set up
- deponer- to drop, to set aside
- descomponer- to rot, to decompose
- disponer- to arrange, to stipulate
- exponer- to expose, to exhibit
- imponer- to impose
- indisponer- to make upset
- interponer- to interpose, to put in
- oponer- to put up, to put forward
- predisponer- to predispose
- presuponer- to presuppose
- proponer- to propose
- recomponer- to repair, to mend
- suponer- to suppose
[66] predecir verbs- no code given
- bendecir- to bless
- contradecir- to contradict
- maldecir- to curse
- predecir- to predict
[67]
- querer- to want
[68]
- raer- to scrape
[69]
- corroer- to corrode, to consume
- roer- to knaw
- saber- to know
[71]
- salir- to go out
[72] tener verbs- no code given
- abstenerse- to abstain
- atenerse a-to stick to, to abide by
- contener- to contain, to restrain, to hold back
- detener- to arrest, to stop, to hold up, to delay
- obtener- to get, to win
- sostener- to support
[73] traer verbs- no code given
- abstraer- to consider separately, to detach
- contraer- to contract, to acquire, catch
- distraer- to amuse, to entertain
- extraer- to extract
- maltraer- to maltreat
- traer- to bring
[74]
- prevaler- to prevail
- valer- to value
[75] venir verbs- no code given
- convenir- to be suitable
- desavenirse- to fall out
- devenir en- to become, to turn into
- intervenir- to take part, to get involved
- prevenir- to prevent
- provenir de- to come from
[76]
- entrever- to barely see, to glimpse
- prever- to foresee, to anticipate
[77]
- yacer- to lie
[78]
- abolir- to abolish
[79]
- balbucear- to babble
- enderezarse to sit up straight
[80]
- desolar- to devestate, to lay waste
- despavorir- to to terrify
[81]
- soler- usually (it appears you conjugate soler and then follow it with an infinitive: suelo correr = Usually I run.)
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