Basic Spanish for the Virtual Student- Section 7
SHORT ACHIEVABLE GOALS
- Stem changer verbs c -> qu
- Stem changer verbs g -> gu
- Stem changer verbs z -> c
- Stem changer verbs c -> z
- Stem changer verbs g -> j
- Irregular Verbs for laughter and smiles
STEM CHANGERS c -> qu
- buscar, comunicar, explicar, indicar, sacar, tocar, etc.
- the first person preterit changes
| buscar |
busqué |
| comunicar |
comuniqué |
| explicar |
expliqué |
| indicar |
indiqué |
| sacar |
saqué |
| tocar |
toqué |
- The present subjunctive undergoes the same change
| busque |
| busques |
| busque |
| busquemos |
| busquéis |
| busquen |
- The third person singular subjunctive is shown
- And of course it is the same word as the first person singular subjunctive
| buscar |
busque |
| comunicar |
comunique |
| explicar |
explique |
| indicar |
indique |
| sacar |
saque |
| tocar |
toque |
STEM CHANGERS g -> gu
- llegar, navegar, negar, pagar
- First person preterit is affected
| llegar |
llegué |
| navegar |
navegué |
| negar |
negué |
| pagar |
pagué |
| pegar |
pegué |
- The present subjunctive also changes
| llegue |
| llegues |
| llegue |
| lleguemos |
| lleguéis |
| lleguen |
- Third person singular forms are shown
| llegar |
llegue |
| navegar |
navegue |
| negar |
niegue |
| pagar |
pague |
| pegar |
pegue |
STEM CHANGERS z -> c
- abrazar, alcanzar, comenzar, cruzar, empezar, gozar
- The first person preterit changes
| abrazar |
abracé |
| alcanzar |
alcancé |
| almorzar |
almorcé |
| alzar |
alcé |
| comenzar |
comencé |
| cruzar |
crucé |
| empezar |
empecé |
| gozar |
gocé |
- Present Subjunctive
| abrace |
| abraces |
| abrace |
| abracemos |
| abracéis |
| abracen |
STEM CHANGER c -> z
- convencer, ejercer, esparcir, fruncir, torcer, vencer, zurcir
| convencer |
convenzo |
| ejercer |
ejerzo |
| esparcir |
esparzo |
| fruncir |
frunzo |
| torcer |
torzo |
| vencer |
venzo |
| zurcir |
zurzo |
- Third person present subjunctive
| convenza |
| convenzas |
| convenza |
| convenzamos |
| convenzáis |
| convenzan |
- third person subjunctive examples
| convencer |
convenza |
| ejercer |
ejerza |
| esparir |
esparza |
| fruncir |
frunza |
| torcer |
tuerza |
| zurcir |
zurza |
STEM CHANGERS g -> j
- afligir, coger, corregir, dirigir, erigir, escoger, exigir, fingir, proteger, rugir
| afligir |
aflijo |
| coger |
cojo |
| corregir |
corrijo |
| dirigir |
dirijo |
| erigir |
erijo |
| escoger |
escojo |
| exigir |
exijo |
| finger |
finjo |
| proteger |
protejo |
| rugir |
rujo |
LAUGHTER AND SMILES
- The verbs 'to laugh' and 'to smile' have an accent on the 'i', so they are not true -ir verbs.
- sonreír- to smile
- reír- to laugh
- They have accent marks in the present indicative
- The 'e' disappears in four instances
- present indicative
| río |
sonrío |
| ríes |
sonríes |
| ríe |
sonríe |
| reímos |
sonreímos |
| reís |
sonreís |
| ríen |
sonríen |
- Preterit
| sonreí |
reí |
| sonreíste |
reíste |
| sonrió |
rió |
| sonreímos |
reímos |
| sonreísteis |
reísteis |
| sonrieron |
rieron |
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