Basic Spanish for the Virtual Student - Section 4

We're going take a break from irregular verbs--there are more to be covered later

SHORT ACHIEVABLE GOALS

learn basic colors
parts of the human body
numbers for counting
to have- idioms
to want- idioms
present participles
past participles

THE COLORS

roja rojo	red
rosada rosado	pink
anaranjada anaranjado	orange
amarilla amarillo	yellow
dorada dorado	gold color the metal is 'el oro'
verde	green
azul	blue
celeste	sky blue
violeta	violet
morada morado	purple
marrón	brown
café	brown so dark almost black
blanca blanco	white
plateado	silver color the metal is 'la plata'
gris	grey
negra negro	black

¡Gracias a Osvaldo Suarez!

PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY

el pelo	hair
la cabeza	head
la frente	forehead
las cejas	eyebrows
la nariz	nose
los oidos	ears
los labios	lips
la boca	mouth
la lengua	tongue
la garganta	throat
la barbilla	chin
el cuello	neck
los hombros	shoulders
los brazos	arms
los codos	elbows
los antebrazos	forearms
las muñecas	wrists
las manos	hands
los dedos	fingers
el pecho	chest
los pectorales	pectorals
los pezones	nipples (both genders)
los senos	breasts
el estómago	stomach
los abdominales	abdominals
la rama	treebranch
la flor	flower
la hoja de olivo	olive leaf The native speaker did not know what a fig leaf was, but he was aware of the miracle of leaves growing out of the human body to cover things covered by a swim suit.
las nalgas	buttocks
las piernas	legs
los muslos	thighs
las rodillas	knees
las pantonillas	calves
los pies	feet

¡Gracias a Osvaldo Suarez!

COUNTING

1	uno
2	dos
3	tres
4	cuatro
5	cinco
6	seis
7	siete
8	ocho
9	nueve
10	diez
11	once
12	doce
13	trece
14	catorce
15	quince
16	dieciséis
17	diecisiete
18	dieciocho
19	diecinueve
20	veinte
21	veintiuno (or viente y uno)
22	veintidós (or viente y dos)
23	veintitrés (or viente y tres)
30	treinta
31	treinta y uno
32	treinta y dos
33	treinta y tres
40	cuarenta
50	cincuenta
60	sesenta
70	setenta
80	ochenta
90	noventa
100	cien
106	ciento seis
165	ciento sesenta y cinco
200	doscientos
300	trescientos
400	cuatrocientos
500	quinientos
600	seiscientos
700	setecientos
800	ochocientos
900	novecientos
1000	mil
100 000	cien mil
1 000 000	un millón

TO HAVE - IDIOMS

tengo sed	I (have) thirst
tienes hambre	you are hungry
Madame Presidente, usted tiene razón	Madame President, you are right
tienen frío	they are cold
tienen miedo	they are afraid
tengo calor	I am warm/hot
tengo prisa	I am in a hurry
tenemos cuidado	We are careful
tengo diecisiete años	I am 17 years old
él tiene sueño	He is tired

TO WANT

quiero

quieres

quiere

queremos

queréis

quieren

If the desire focuses on a verb then verb querer is given the appropriate conjugation and then followed by the infinitive form of the verb.
- I want to love, I want to live, and I want to run.
- Quiero amar, quiero vivir, y quiero correr.
The focus may be on an object.
- Would you like a lollipop?
- Yes. I would like the red (one.)
- ¿Quieres una paleta?
- Si. Quiero la roja.

PRESENT PARTICIPLES

Present participles are one example of compound verbs.
(English present participles end in -ing.)

Caution: English -ing words are also used for gerunds.
- These are the verb forms that end in '-ing" in English and -ando or -endo in Spanish. In both languages, the gerund is used to form the progressive or continuous tenses. Note that while the English gerund can be, and frequently is, used a noun, the Spanish gerund does not function as a noun.
A present participle fits the sentence "I am ----ing".
A gerund fits the sentence "I like ----ing".
- I am running = Estoy corriendo (I like to run = Me gusta correr, we'll cover this later)
Spanish present participles end in -ando, or -iendo.
- An -ar verb is converted to a present participle by replacing the 'r' with 'ndo'.
  - amar goes to amando.
- An -er verb is converted by replacing the 'er' with 'iendo.'
  - correr goes to corriendo.
- An -ir verb is converted by replacing the 'ir' with 'iendo.'
  - vivir goes to viviendo.
The estar verb is used as an auxiliary verb
estar + present participle is also referred to as the present progressive
Madame Presidente, ¿está usted repasando su discurso?
Madame Presidente, are you reviewing your speech?

PAST PARTICIPLE

The past participle construction is another example of compound verb tense.
Madame Presidente, usted ha hablado
Madame President, you have spoken.
past participles end in -ado or -ido
regular English part particles end in -ed, but English has quite a few irregulars (like spoken.)
for -ar verbs, remove the 'r' and add 'do.'
- amar becomes amado
for -er verbs, remove the 'er' and add 'ido.'
- correr becomes corrido
for -ir verbs, remove the 'r' and add 'do.'
- vivir becomes vivido
The verb haber functions as an auxiliary verb for past participle compound structures

he

has

ha

hemos

habéis

han
I think any tense of haber can be applied to compound construction that includes a past participle. Some may be more popular than others. I've seen the imperfect (había) used often.
- La sequía había durado ya diez millones de años, y el reinado de los terribles saurios tiempo ha que había terminado.
- The sequoia tree has lasted/endured now ten thousand years, and the reign of the dinosaurs has ended.
- It has been suggesed that 'sequía' might refer to dry season, rather than a tree, and to translate the last part "the reign of the terrible saurs ended a long time ago."
- La batalla por la existencia había alcanzado un nuevo clímax de ferocidad...
- The battle for existence/survival has reached a new climax of ferocity...

IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES

(need to check, added since native speaker review)

abrir	abierto	to open
componer[65]	compuesto	to arrange, to compose
cubrir	cubierto	to cover
decir[57]	dicho	to say
describir	descrito	to describe
escribir	escrito	to write
hacer[60]	hecho	to do, to make
poner[65]	puesto	to put
satisfacer[60]	satisfecho	to satisfy
ver[76]	visto	to see
volver[24]	vuelto	to return

If the infinitive lists a number in brackets (ex: poner shows [65]), then you can go to the page with 500+ irregular verbs and use the number [65] to find similar verbs, which should have the same irregularity to the past particle.

example: poner -> puesto,
You can extrapolate disponer -> dispuesto, superponer -> superpuesto, etc.

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